An aurora is a natural light display in the
sky particularly in the high latitude (Arctic and Antarctic) regions,
caused by the collision of energetic charged particles with atoms in the high
altitude atmosphere (thermosphere). The charged particles originate in
the magnetosphere and solar wind and, on Earth, are
directed by the Earth's magnetic field into the atmosphere. Aurora is
classified as diffuse or discrete aurora. Most aurorae occur in a band known as
the auroral zone, which is typically 3° to 6° in latitudinal extent
and at all local times or longitudes. The auroral zone is typically 10° to 20°
from the magnetic pole defined by the axis of the Earth's magnetic dipole.
During a geomagnetic storm, the auroral zone will expand to lower
latitudes.
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